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I came across an example of @Autowired:
public class EmpManager { @Autowired private EmpDao empDao; } I was curious about how the empDao get sets since there are no setter methods and it is private.
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The @Autowired annotation provides more fine-grained control over where and how autowiring should be accomplished. The @Autowired annotation can be used to autowire bean on the setter method just like @Required annotation, constructor, a property or methods with arbitrary names and/or multiple arguments.
@Bean is just for the metadata definition to create the bean(equivalent to tag). @Autowired is to inject the dependancy into a bean(equivalent to ref XML tag/attribute).
Short answer: Dependency Injection is a design pattern, and @autowired is a mechanism for implementing it.
if Spring encounters multiple beans with same type it checks field name. if it finds a bean with the name of the target field, it injects that bean into the field.
Java allows access controls on a field or method to be turned off (yes, there's a security check to pass first) via the AccessibleObject.setAccessible() method which is part of the reflection framework (both Field and Method inherit from AccessibleObject). Once the field can be discovered and written to, it's pretty trivial to do the rest of it; merely a Simple Matter Of Programming.
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Java allows you to interact with private members of a class via reflection.
Check out ReflectionTestUtils, which is very handy for writing unit tests.
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