How does PHP index associative arrays?

Question

As I know, in associative arrays, if the keys is not set, it will be set automatically. But it seem doesn't make sense in this case:

$a = array( '1' => 'One', '3', '2' => 'Two');
print_r($a);

Outputs:

Array ( [1] => One [2] => Two )

So where is the '3'?

Answer 1

Within your user defined array you are assigning the keys manually your array means as

array(1 => 'One',3, 2 => 'Two');//[1] => One [2] => 3 [2] => Two

Here we have two identical index and as per DOCS its mentioned that the last overwrite the first

Syntax "index => values", separated by commas, define index and values. index may be of type string or integer. When index is omitted, an integer index is automatically generated, starting at 0. If index is an integer, next generated index will be the biggest integer index + 1.

Note that when two identical index are defined, the last overwrite the first.

In order to filter this case you can simply make some changes as

array(1 => 'One',2 =>'Two',3) // array ([1] => One [2] => Two [3] => 3)
array(3,1 => 'One',2 =>'Two') //array ([0] => 3 [1] => One [2] => Two)
array(1 => 'One',2 => 3 ,3 =>'Two')// array([1] => One [2] => 3 [3] => Two)

DOCS CHECK PARAMETERS

Answer 2

In php The key is optional. If it is not specified, PHP will use the increment of the largest previously used integer key

Like if :-

$a = array( 1 => 'One', 3, 3 => 'Two');
var_dump($a);

output will :-

array(3) {
  [1]=>
  string(3) "One"
  [2]=>
  int(3)
  [3]=>
  string(3) "Two"
}

Here for second value one is increment from previous value i.e 2.

Now

say array is :-

$a = array( '1' => 'One', '3', '3' => 'Two');
var_dump($a);

Output will

array(3) {
  [1]=>
  string(3) "One"
  [2]=>
  string(1) "3"
  [3]=>
  string(3) "Two"
}

Here also Here for second value one is increment from previous value i.e 2.

Now third case:-

If array is :-

$a = array( '1' => 'One', '1' => 'two' , '1' => 'Three');
var_dump($a);

Output will:-

array(1) {
  [1]=>
  string(5) "Three"
}

This is because associative array keep value as map and if key is present it overwrite value in this case 1 is overwrite 2 time as a result out is three

In your case :-

$a = array( '1' => 'One', '3', '2' => 'Two');
print_r($a);

Output is

Array
(
    [1] => One
    [2] => Two
)

this is because :-

first key map will:- '1' => 'one'

again

php will keep second value as '2' => '3'

Now as in array '2' is assigned as 'Two', value become

'2' => 'Two' which means it is overwriting.