How do you implement an auto-incrementing primary ID in MongoDB?

Question

Just like in MYSQL, I want an incrementing ID.

Answer 1

You'll need to use MongoDB's findAndModify command. With it, you can atomically select and increment a field.

db.seq.findAndModify({
  query: {"_id": "users"},
  update: {$inc: {"seq":1}},
  new: true
});

This will increment a counter for the users collection, which you can then add to the document prior to insertion. Since it's atomic, you don't have to worry about race conditions resulting in conflicting IDs.

It's not as seamless as MySQL's auto_increment flag, but you also usually have the option of specifying your own ID factory in your Mongo driver, so you could implement a factory that uses findAndModify to increment and return IDs transparently, resulting in a much more MySQL-like experience.

The downside of this approach is that since every insert is dependent on a write lock on your sequence collection, if you're doing a lot of writes, you could end up bottlenecking on that pretty quickly. If you just want to guarantee that documents in a collection are sorted in insertion order, then look at Capped Collections.

Answer 2

MongoDB is intended to be scaled horizantally. In this case, an auto increment would lead to id collisions. That is why the id looks much more like a guid/uuid.

Answer 3

MongoDB provides 2 way to auto increment _id (or custom key) .

• Use Counters Collection
• Optimistic Loop

Counter Collection

---

Here we need to create collection which stores the maximum number of keys and increment by 1 every time when we call this function.

1. STORE FUNCTION

function getNextSequence(collectionName) {
   var ret = db.counters.findAndModify({
               query: { _id: collectionName },
               update: { $inc: { seq: 1 } },
               new: true,
               upsert: true
             });

   return ret.seq;
}

2. INSERT DOC

db.users.insert({
  _id: getNextSequence("USER"),
  name: "Nishchit."
})

Optimistic Loop

---

In this pattern, an Optimistic Loop calculates the incremented _id value and attempts to insert a document with the calculated _id value. If the insert is successful, the loop ends. Otherwise, the loop will iterate through possible _id values until the insert is successful.

1. STORE FUNCTION

function insertDocument(doc, targetCollection) {

    while (1) {

        var cursor = targetCollection.find( {}, { _id: 1 } ).sort( { _id: -1 } ).limit(1);

        var seq = cursor.hasNext() ? cursor.next()._id + 1 : 1;

        doc._id = seq;

        var results = targetCollection.insert(doc);

        if( results.hasWriteError() ) {
            if( results.writeError.code == 11000 /* dup key */ )
                continue;
            else
                print( "unexpected error inserting data: " + tojson( results ) );
        }

        break;
    }
}

2. INSERT DOC

var myCollection = db.USERS;

insertDocument(
   {
     name: "Nishchit Dhanani"
   },
   myCollection
);

Official doc from MongoDB.