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I read in this article 1GL: First Generation Programming Language that people used to enter machine instructions directly.
I want to see some pictures of their keyboard & monitor. Did they directly enter these instructions into memory? of they were directly send to CPU? at what frequency it used to operate? I want to read more about those computers and programming them.
kindly post some good references. If you have seen or programmed one of those machines please tell me the story.
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Raw machine code was written with pen and paper. Pencil and paper might be considered better, but erasers cost more than scratching out mistakes and rewriting them. Front panel switches were flipped as necessary to enter bits (bytes) into memory.
1949: Assembly language was first used as a type of computer programming language that was able to simplify machine code language, which is necessary for telling a computer what to do.
While it is possible to write programs directly in machine code, managing individual bits and calculating numerical addresses and constants manually is tedious and error-prone.
Machine code, also known as machine language, is the elemental language of computers. It is read by the computer's central processing unit (CPU), is composed of digital binary numbers and looks like a very long sequence of zeros and ones.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_panel
A front panel was used on early electronic computers to display and allow the alteration of the state of the machine's internal registers and memory. The front panel usually consisted of arrays of indicator lamps, toggle switches, and push buttons mounted on a sheet metal face plate.
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