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I've read all the docs on the Google Cloud SQL site, and I now understand how to created and manage Read Replicas, but I have not seen any information about how to use them,
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The read replica operates as a DB instance that allows only read-only connections. Applications connect to a read replica the same way they do to any DB instance. Amazon RDS replicates all databases in the source DB instance.
The Amazon RDS console shows the status of a read replica in the Availability and durability section of the read replica details. To view the details for a read replica, choose the name of the read replica in the list of instances in the Amazon RDS console.
Amazon RDS uses the MariaDB, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL DB engines' built-in replication functionality to create a special type of DB instance called a read replica from a source DB instance. The source DB instance becomes the primary DB instance.
With RDS for MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and Oracle, you can also set the read replica as Multi-AZ, allowing you to use the read replica as a DR target. When you promote the read replica to be a standalone database, it will already be Multi-AZ enabled.
Does Google automatically load-balance connections between all instances?
No, it doesn't. Each instance is independent. You can connect to replicas and use them to read while using the master to read/write, but you need to design that logic into your application
Do I have to manually connect to a specific Read Replica to avoid hitting the Master? If so, do I have to manage reconnecting on replica failure myself?
Yes, you have to connect to a specific read replica. Right now you can't even save and reuse the instance IP like you can do with compute engine instances (sigh, I hope they fix this soon....).
There is now a failover replica option that you can use so you don't need to connect to the read replica yourself, but it only activates on failure, it is not a load balancer.
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