I have a C# application that needs to connect to an SQL database to send some data from time to time. How can I safely store the username and password used for this job?
Use integrated Windows authentication whenever possible. It takes the onus off of your application and lets Windows handle it. Using Windows authentication instead of SQL authentication is considered a best practice.
Read this accepted answer: the best way to connect sql server (Windows authentication vs SQL Server authentication) for asp.net app
See also: http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1831/using-windows-groups-for-sql-server-logins-as-a-best-practice/
And: http://www.greensql.com/content/sql-server-security-best-practices
Incidentally, if this is a "job" as implied by the question, it may be a great candidate for a simple Windows service or scheduled task, both of which can run in a specific security context (i.e. as a specific Windows user).
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