How do I output coloured text to a Linux terminal?

Question

How do I print coloured characters to a Linux terminal that supports it?

How do I tell whether the terminal supports colour codes?

Answer 1

You need to output ANSI colour codes. Note that not all terminals support this; if colour sequences are not supported, garbage will show up.

Example:

 cout << "\033[1;31mbold red text\033[0m\n"; 

Here, \033 is the ESC character, ASCII 27. It is followed by [, then zero or more numbers separated by ;, and finally the letter m. The numbers describe the colour and format to switch to from that point onwards.

The codes for foreground and background colours are:

         foreground background black        30         40 red          31         41 green        32         42 yellow       33         43 blue         34         44 magenta      35         45 cyan         36         46 white        37         47 

Additionally, you can use these:

reset             0  (everything back to normal) bold/bright       1  (often a brighter shade of the same colour) underline         4 inverse           7  (swap foreground and background colours) bold/bright off  21 underline off    24 inverse off      27 

See the table on Wikipedia for other, less widely supported codes.

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To determine whether your terminal supports colour sequences, read the value of the TERM environment variable. It should specify the particular terminal type used (e.g. vt100, gnome-terminal, xterm, screen, ...). Then look that up in the terminfo database; check the colors capability.