In Eclipse I use this button: <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/PTf70.png" alt="enter image description here"> I didn't found anything similar in Android Studio. Any suggestion?

There is a "Run" Tool Window located near the bottom left that you can bring up. This will have a "Close" button to disconnect. You can also get to the Run tool window by going to View -> Tool Windows -> Run (Alt + 4)

How do I disconnect debugger from devices in Android Studio?

In Eclipse I use this button:

enter image description here

I didn't found anything similar in Android Studio. Any suggestion?

How do I turn debug mode off?

To disable USB Debugging mode: Go to Settings and scroll to the System section (on Android 8 and above, go to Settings > System) Tap Developer Options. Tap the button to toggle developer options Off.

There is a "Run" Tool Window located near the bottom left that you can bring up. This will have a "Close" button to disconnect.

You can also get to the Run tool window by going to View -> Tool Windows -> Run (Alt + 4)