How do I create an array of strings in C?

Question

If you don't want to change the strings, then you could simply do

const char *a[2];
a[0] = "blah";
a[1] = "hmm";

When you do it like this you will allocate an array of two pointers to const char. These pointers will then be set to the addresses of the static strings "blah" and "hmm".

If you do want to be able to change the actual string content, the you have to do something like

char a[2][14];
strcpy(a[0], "blah");
strcpy(a[1], "hmm");

This will allocate two consecutive arrays of 14 chars each, after which the content of the static strings will be copied into them.

There are several ways to create an array of strings in C. If all the strings are going to be the same length (or at least have the same maximum length), you simply declare a 2-d array of char and assign as necessary:

char strs[NUMBER_OF_STRINGS][STRING_LENGTH+1];
...
strcpy(strs[0], aString); // where aString is either an array or pointer to char
strcpy(strs[1], "foo");

You can add a list of initializers as well:

char strs[NUMBER_OF_STRINGS][STRING_LENGTH+1] = {"foo", "bar", "bletch", ...};

This assumes the size and number of strings in the initializer match up with your array dimensions. In this case, the contents of each string literal (which is itself a zero-terminated array of char) are copied to the memory allocated to strs. The problem with this approach is the possibility of internal fragmentation; if you have 99 strings that are 5 characters or less, but 1 string that's 20 characters long, 99 strings are going to have at least 15 unused characters; that's a waste of space.

Instead of using a 2-d array of char, you can store a 1-d array of pointers to char:

char *strs[NUMBER_OF_STRINGS];

Note that in this case, you've only allocated memory to hold the pointers to the strings; the memory for the strings themselves must be allocated elsewhere (either as static arrays or by using malloc() or calloc()). You can use the initializer list like the earlier example:

char *strs[NUMBER_OF_STRINGS] = {"foo", "bar", "bletch", ...};

Instead of copying the contents of the string constants, you're simply storing the pointers to them. Note that string constants may not be writable; you can reassign the pointer, like so:

strs[i] = "bar";
strs[i] = "foo"; 

But you may not be able to change the string's contents; i.e.,

strs[i] = "bar";
strcpy(strs[i], "foo");

may not be allowed.

You can use malloc() to dynamically allocate the buffer for each string and copy to that buffer:

strs[i] = malloc(strlen("foo") + 1);
strcpy(strs[i], "foo");

BTW,

char (*a[2])[14];

Declares a as a 2-element array of pointers to 14-element arrays of char.

Ack! Constant strings:

const char *strings[] = {"one","two","three"};

If I remember correctly.

Oh, and you want to use strcpy for assignment, not the = operator. strcpy_s is safer, but it's neither in C89 nor in C99 standards.

char arr[MAX_NUMBER_STRINGS][MAX_STRING_SIZE]; 
strcpy(arr[0], "blah");

Update: Thomas says strlcpy is the way to go.

Here are some of your options:

char a1[][14] = { "blah", "hmm" };
char* a2[] = { "blah", "hmm" };
char (*a3[])[] = { &"blah", &"hmm" };  // only since you brought up the syntax -

printf(a1[0]); // prints blah
printf(a2[0]); // prints blah
printf(*a3[0]); // prints blah

The advantage of a2 is that you can then do the following with string literals

a2[0] = "hmm";
a2[1] = "blah";

And for a3 you may do the following:

a3[0] = &"hmm";
a3[1] = &"blah";

For a1 you will have to use strcpy() (better yet strncpy()) even when assigning string literals. The reason is that a2, and a3 are arrays of pointers and you can make their elements (i.e. pointers) point to any storage, whereas a1 is an array of 'array of chars' and so each element is an array that "owns" its own storage (which means it gets destroyed when it goes out of scope) - you can only copy stuff into its storage.

This also brings us to the disadvantage of using a2 and a3 - since they point to static storage (where string literals are stored) the contents of which cannot be reliably changed (viz. undefined behavior), if you want to assign non-string literals to the elements of a2 or a3 - you will first have to dynamically allocate enough memory and then have their elements point to this memory, and then copy the characters into it - and then you have to be sure to deallocate the memory when done.

Bah - I miss C++ already ;)

p.s. Let me know if you need examples.

Or you can declare a struct type, that contains a character arry(1 string), them create an array of the structs and thus a multi-element array

typedef struct name
{
   char name[100]; // 100 character array
}name;

main()
{
   name yourString[10]; // 10 strings
   printf("Enter something\n:);
   scanf("%s",yourString[0].name);
   scanf("%s",yourString[1].name);
   // maybe put a for loop and a few print ststements to simplify code
   // this is just for example 
 }

One of the advantages of this over any other method is that this allows you to scan directly into the string without having to use strcpy;

If the strings are static, you're best off with:

const char *my_array[] = {"eenie","meenie","miney"};

While not part of basic ANSI C, chances are your environment supports the syntax. These strings are immutable (read-only), and thus in many environments use less overhead than dynamically building a string array.

For example in small micro-controller projects, this syntax uses program memory rather than (usually) more precious ram memory. AVR-C is an example environment supporting this syntax, but so do most of the other ones.