How do I call a function twice or more times consecutively?

Question

Is there a short way to call a function twice or more consecutively in Python? For example:

do() do() do() 

maybe like:

3*do() 

Answer 1

I would:

for _ in range(3):     do() 

The _ is convention for a variable whose value you don't care about.

You might also see some people write:

[do() for _ in range(3)] 

however that is slightly more expensive because it creates a list containing the return values of each invocation of do() (even if it's None), and then throws away the resulting list. I wouldn't suggest using this unless you are using the list of return values.

Answer 2

You could define a function that repeats the passed function N times.

def repeat_fun(times, f):     for i in range(times): f() 

If you want to make it even more flexible, you can even pass arguments to the function being repeated:

def repeat_fun(times, f, *args):     for i in range(times): f(*args) 

Usage:

>>> def do(): ...   print 'Doing' ...  >>> def say(s): ...   print s ...  >>> repeat_fun(3, do) Doing Doing Doing >>> repeat_fun(4, say, 'Hello!') Hello! Hello! Hello! Hello!