How do I attenuate a WAV file by a given decibel value?

Question

If I wanted to reduce a WAV file's amplitude by 25%, I would write something like this:

for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
{
    data[i] *= 0.75;
}

A lot of the articles I read on audio techniques, however, discuss amplitude in terms of decibels. I understand the logarithmic nature of decibel units in principle, but not so much in terms of actual code.

My question is: if I wanted to attenuate the volume of a WAV file by, say, 20 decibels, how would I do this in code like my above example?

Update: formula (based on Nils Pipenbrinck's answer) for attenuating by a given number of decibels (entered as a positive number e.g. 10, 20 etc.):

public void AttenuateAudio(float[] data, int decibels)
{
    float gain = (float)Math.Pow(10, (double)-decibels / 20.0);
    for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
    {
        data[i] *= gain;
    }
}

So, if I want to attenuate by 20 decibels, the gain factor is .1.

Answer 1

I think you want to convert from decibel to gain.

The equations for audio are:

decibel to gain:

  gain = 10 ^ (attenuation in db / 20)

or in C:

  gain = powf(10, attenuation / 20.0f);

The equations to convert from gain to db are:

  attenuation_in_db = 20 * log10 (gain)

Answer 2

If you just want to adust some audio, I've had good results with the normalize package from nongnu.org. If you want to study how it's done, the source code is freely available. I've also used wavnorm, whose home page seems to be out at the moment.