How can I use Jekyll with my domain, but hosted on GitHub?

Question

I would like to switch from WordPress to Jekyll. I already have migrated the articles (see new Jekyll articles + rendered page and old WordPress site).

Now I would like to have the old URLs:

Old URL        :      http://martin-thoma.com/word-error-rate-calculation/
Current new URL: http://martinthoma.github.io/word-error-rate-calculation/

So this question is really only about the top level domain. My provider (called "Knallhart") should only "hold" the domain martin-thoma.com (GitHub does not offer this, do they?) and GitHub should serve the content.

When a user enters http://martin-thoma.com/word-error-rate-calculation/ or http://martinthoma.github.io/word-error-rate-calculation/ the browser should show http://martin-thoma.com/word-error-rate-calculation/, although the content is at GitHub.

I know the GitHub page Setting up a custom domain with Pages, but I still don't understand what I should do.

I've tried adding a CNAME file with content martin-thoma.com to my GitHub repository, but this only lead to an redirect from martinthoma.github.io to martin-thoma.com. I've just tried adding a CNAME with content martinthoma.github.io on the webspace provided by Knallhart. This seems to have no effect.

I think I have to change something on GitHub as well as with Knallhart. GitHub has to know that it should display martin-thoma.com and Knallhart has to redirect to the content. But I don't understand how to do this. What do I have to change on GitHub and what do I have to do on side of my provider?

Can I do this by my own or do I need support from Knallhart? I currently have a quite cheap plan that basically only offers Hosting+PHP+MySQL. If I pay 6€ more, I get a Zone-Modul (which has the description "DNS controll for your domain"). Do I need a Zone-Modul?

Answer 1

As the HELP PAGE said:

For a domain like example.com, you should use an A record pointing to 204.232.175.78:

In your case, you need to create an A record for martin-thoma.com, take mine as an example (I don't use Knallhart, maybe it's different, just make sure you make a A record to 204.232.175.78, which Github offers):

Host               |record type | host/IP  
*.kjuly.com         A             204.232.175.78 (Edit: NOT Recommended)  
@.kjuly.com         A             204.232.175.78  

Note: CNAME record is for subdomains like dev.martin-thoma.com.

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EDIT (IMPORTANT):

Depend on the Github's official blog post "GitHub Pages Legacy IP Deprecation", the 204.232.175.78 is deprecated, you should use 192.30.252.153 or 192.30.252.154 instead.

Host               |record type | host/IP  
@.kjuly.com         A             192.30.252.153