How can I replace a newline (\n) using sed?

Question

How can I replace a newline ("\n") with a space ("") using the sed command?

I unsuccessfully tried:

sed 's#\n# #g' file sed 's#^$# #g' file 

How do I fix it?

Answer 1

Use this solution with GNU sed:

sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' file 

This will read the whole file in a loop (':a;N;$!ba), then replaces the newline(s) with a space (s/\n/ /g). Additional substitutions can be simply appended if needed.

Explanation:

0. sed starts by reading the first line excluding the newline into the pattern space.
1. Create a label via :a.
2. Append a newline and next line to the pattern space via N.
3. If we are before the last line, branch to the created label $!ba ($! means not to do it on the last line. This is necessary to avoid executing N again, which would terminate the script if there is no more input!).
4. Finally the substitution replaces every newline with a space on the pattern space (which is the whole file).

Here is cross-platform compatible syntax which works with BSD and OS X's sed (as per @Benjie comment):

sed -e ':a' -e 'N' -e '$!ba' -e 's/\n/ /g' file 

As you can see, using sed for this otherwise simple problem is problematic. For a simpler and adequate solution see this answer.

Answer 2

sed is intended to be used on line-based input. Although it can do what you need.

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A better option here is to use the tr command as follows:

tr '\n' ' ' < input_filename 

or remove the newline characters entirely:

tr -d '\n' < input.txt > output.txt 

or if you have the GNU version (with its long options)

tr --delete '\n' < input.txt > output.txt