hibernate unique key validation

Question

I have a field, say, user_name, that should be unique in a table.

What is the best way for validating it using Spring/Hibernate validation?

Answer 1

I think it is not wise to use Hibernate Validator (JSR 303) for this purpose. Or better it is not the goal of Hibernate Validator.

The JSR 303 is about bean validation. This means to check if a field is set correct. But what you want is in a much wider scope than a single bean. It is somehow in a global scope (regarding all Beans of this type). -- I think you should let the database handle this problem. Set a unique constraint to the column in your database (for example by annotate the field with @Column(unique=true)) and the database will make sure that the field is unique.

Anyway, if you really want to use JSR303 for this, than you need to create your own Annotation and own Validator. The Validator have to access the Database and check if there is no other entity with the specified value. - But I believe there would be some problems to access the database from the Validator in the right session.

Answer 2

One of the possible solutions is to create custom @UniqueKey constraint (and corresponding validator); and to look-up the existing records in database, provide an instance of EntityManager (or Hibernate Session)to UniqueKeyValidator.

EntityManagerAwareValidator

public interface EntityManagerAwareValidator {  
     void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager); 
} 

ConstraintValidatorFactoryImpl

public class ConstraintValidatorFactoryImpl implements ConstraintValidatorFactory {

    private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

    public ConstraintValidatorFactoryImpl(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
        this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
    }

    @Override
    public <T extends ConstraintValidator<?, ?>> T getInstance(Class<T> key) {
        T instance = null;

        try {
            instance = key.newInstance();
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            // could not instantiate class
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if(EntityManagerAwareValidator.class.isAssignableFrom(key)) {
            EntityManagerAwareValidator validator = (EntityManagerAwareValidator) instance;
            validator.setEntityManager(entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager());
        }

        return instance;
    }
}

UniqueKey

@Constraint(validatedBy={UniqueKeyValidator.class})
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface UniqueKey {

    String[] columnNames();

    String message() default "{UniqueKey.message}";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};

    @Target({ ElementType.TYPE })
    @Retention(RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    @interface List {
        UniqueKey[] value();
    }
}

UniqueKeyValidator

public class UniqueKeyValidator implements ConstraintValidator<UniqueKey, Serializable>, EntityManagerAwareValidator {

    private EntityManager entityManager;

    @Override
    public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {
        this.entityManager = entityManager;
    }

    private String[] columnNames;

    @Override
    public void initialize(UniqueKey constraintAnnotation) {
        this.columnNames = constraintAnnotation.columnNames();

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(Serializable target, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
        Class<?> entityClass = target.getClass();

        CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();

        CriteriaQuery<Object> criteriaQuery = criteriaBuilder.createQuery();

        Root<?> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityClass);

        List<Predicate> predicates = new ArrayList<Predicate> (columnNames.length);

        try {
            for(int i=0; i<columnNames.length; i++) {
                String propertyName = columnNames[i];
                PropertyDescriptor desc = new PropertyDescriptor(propertyName, entityClass);
                Method readMethod = desc.getReadMethod();
                Object propertyValue = readMethod.invoke(target);
                Predicate predicate = criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get(propertyName), propertyValue);
                predicates.add(predicate);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        criteriaQuery.where(predicates.toArray(new Predicate[predicates.size()]));

        TypedQuery<Object> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery);

        List<Object> resultSet = typedQuery.getResultList(); 

        return resultSet.size() == 0;
    }

}

Usage

@UniqueKey(columnNames={"userName"})
// @UniqueKey(columnNames={"userName", "emailId"}) // composite unique key
//@UniqueKey.List(value = {@UniqueKey(columnNames = { "userName" }), @UniqueKey(columnNames = { "emailId" })}) // more than one unique keys
public class User implements Serializable {

    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private String emailId;

    protected User() {
        super();
    }

    public User(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
        ....
}

Test

public void uniqueKey() {
    EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("default");

    ValidatorFactory validatorFactory = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory();
    ValidatorContext validatorContext = validatorFactory.usingContext();
    validatorContext.constraintValidatorFactory(new ConstraintValidatorFactoryImpl(entityManagerFactory));
    Validator validator = validatorContext.getValidator();

    EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();

    User se = new User("abc", poizon);

       Set<ConstraintViolation<User>> violations = validator.validate(se);
    System.out.println("Size:- " + violations.size());

    em.getTransaction().begin();
    em.persist(se);
    em.getTransaction().commit();

        User se1 = new User("abc");

    violations = validator.validate(se1);

    System.out.println("Size:- " + violations.size());
}