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I am trying to cross compile https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns for an aarch64 machine on my x86_64 desktop.
$ CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build -v -ldflags="-extld=$CC"
# github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
sqlite3-binding.c: In function ‘sqlite3SelectNew’:
sqlite3-binding.c:125322:10: warning: function may return address of local variable [-Wreturn-local-addr]
125322 | return pNew;
| ^~~~
sqlite3-binding.c:125282:10: note: declared here
125282 | Select standin;
| ^~~~~~~
# github.com/joohoi/acme-dns
/usr/lib/go-1.15/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link: running gcc failed: exit status 1
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 183)
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/go-link-266874795/go.o: error adding symbols: file in wrong format
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go env
GO111MODULE=""
GOARCH="arm64"
GOBIN=""
GOCACHE="/home/voltagex/.cache/go-build"
GOENV="/home/voltagex/.config/go/env"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOINSECURE=""
GOMODCACHE="/home/voltagex/go/pkg/mod"
GONOPROXY=""
GONOSUMDB=""
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/home/voltagex/go"
GOPRIVATE=""
GOPROXY="https://proxy.golang.org,direct"
GOROOT="/usr/lib/go-1.15"
GOSUMDB="sum.golang.org"
GOTMPDIR=""
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/lib/go-1.15/pkg/tool/linux_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
AR="ar"
CC="aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"
CXX="g++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
GOMOD="/btrfs/src/acme-dns/go.mod"
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -pthread -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/tmp/go-build156138713=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches"
go env looks correct, except for GOTOOLDIR - I understand this is a calculated field.
go-sqlite3 itself seems to cross compile correctly.
I have tried this with golang 1.15 and 1.17.1.
Host OS is Debian 11, gcc 10.2.1
Two questions:
512
This is called cross-compiling, and it's easy to do with Go. Programs written in Go can easily be compiled for a wide variety of target operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux by using the GOARCH and GOOS environmental variables.
To cross-compile is to build on one platform a binary that will run on another platform. When speaking of cross-compilation, it is important to distinguish between the build platform on which the compilation is performed, and the host platform on which the resulting executable is expected to run.
GOOS refers to the operating system (Linux, Windows, BSD, etc.), while GOARCH refers to the architecture to build for. $ env GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -o prepnode_arm64.
Problem reproduced, and resolved by replacing -ldflags="-extld=$CC" with -ldflags="-extld=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc".
Alternatively, you can also export the CC variable beforehand.
The error output was caused by mismatching linker (with your original build command, it was still the x86-64 linker that got invoked).
Tested on two hosts of mine: one Ubuntu 20.04 + go1.13, the other Ubuntu 18.04 + go1.16.
More explanations:
Seems that the in-line CC env variable setting is passed to the go tool, but not used in the shell's parameter substitution. The following output (Bash 5.0) demonstrates this:
anna@LAPTOP-KV4759EJ:~/git/github.com/joohoi/acme-dns$ CC=123 echo $CC
anna@LAPTOP-KV4759EJ:~/git/github.com/joohoi/acme-dns$ export CC=123; echo $CC
123
Note how the first echo does not produce any output.
Inspired by Relocations in generic ELF (EM: 40)
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