Get all parents and children of a tree recursively

Question

I have a MySQL table as

+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
|        Id          |      parent_id     |        title       |
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
|        1           |         0          | Student Management |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        2           |         0          |  Staff Management  |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        3           |         1          |     Add Student    |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        4           |         1          |    View Students   |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        5           |         2          |      Add Staff     |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        6           |         2          |      View Staff    |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        7           |         4          |       Delete       |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
|        8           |         5          |        Copy        |
+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

I want to get above as in my view recursively as.

Desired Output

+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
|      Student Mangement        |         Staff Management     |
|        Add Student            |            Add Staff         |
|       View Student            |              Copy            |
|          Delete               |            View Staff        |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+

I want to get above MySQL table as structure I defined above

My get method is as

public function get()
{
    $categories = Categories::where('parent_id', '=', 0)->get();
    $permission = Categories::pluck('title','id')->all();
    return view('create-role')->with(compact('categories'));
}

With above method, i am getting parents in y view as

@foreach($categories as $category)
   <li>
     {{ $category->title }}
   </li>
 @endforeach

Output is as

Student Management

Staff Management

Please Help how can I get above-mentioned structure recursively.

Answer 1

First define the relationships in your model

public function children() {
    return $this->hasMany(Category::class, 'parent_id', 'id');
}

public function parent() {
    return $this->belongsTo(Category::class, 'parent_id', 'id');
}

Then in your view, I don't know how many sub levels you have. But there are 2 ways:

1- The easiest way
If you know, you will never go over 3 levels, just nest 3 foreach in your view

First you query eagerly

$categories = Category::with('children')->get(); //save you some queries 

@foreach($categories as $category)
    @if( $category->children )
        @foreach($category->children as $level2)
            @if($level2->children)
               @foreach($level2->children as $level3)
                   @if($level3->children)
                       //another foreach
                   @endif
                   {{ $level3->title }}
               @foreach
            @endif
            {{ $level2->title }}
        @endforeach
    @endif

    {{ $category->title }}
@endforeach

2- The actual recursive way.
This is experimental and not tested
Define a recursive relationship

public function recursiveChildren() {
    return $this->children()->with('recursiveChildren');
    //It seems this is recursive
}

Answer 2

Here is simple recusive way to do it with php (any framework).

Basically you need all of the items in a simple array and run formatTree, but you can change the function to use object instead of array.

<?php

function formatTree($tree, $parent)
{
    $tree2 = array();
    foreach ($tree as $item) {
        if ($item['parent_id'] == $parent) {
            $tree2[$item['id']] = $item;
            $tree2[$item['id']]['child'] = formatTree($tree, $item['id']);
        }
    }

    return $tree2;
}


//for demo
$beforeTree = [
    ['id' => 1, 'parent_id' => 0],
    ['id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1],
    ['id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 2],
    ['id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 0],
    ['id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 4],
    ['id' => 6, 'parent_id' => 4],
];
$afterTree = formatTree($beforeTree, 0);

var_dump($afterTree);