Function printing in Print Function in Python

Question

My question is for below code why None is getting print in place of function output and why function output is getting before its position.

def print_spam():
    print('spam')


def do_twice(r,ps):
    g  = ps()
    print(r,'is a',g)
    print(r,'is a',ps())

do_twice('xyz',print_spam)

Output is

spam
xyz is a None
spam
xyz is a None

Answer 1

The function print_spam() does not return anything. It just prints a statement.

Change it to:

def print_spam():
    print('spam')
    return 'spam'

Because your function doesn't return anything, it defaults to None. Now when assigning the function output to g, it will contain the returned string of the function (spam).