Fish Eye Wide-angle with a Scene Kit Camera: Possible?

Question

How do I get a distortion like what a fisheye lens does to a view with a SCNCamera in Scene Kit?

Something like this kind of "bowing" of the imagery:

// as Rickster pointed out, this kind of distortion is known as "Barrel Distortion".

From the docs, this is the part that got me intrigued by the possibility of doing this kind of distortion with the camera:

If you compute your own projection transform matrix, you can use this method to set it directly, overriding the transformation synthesized from the camera’s geometric properties.

Unfortunately I know nothing about the powers and possibilities of computing ones own projection transform matrix. I'm hoping it's possible to do this kind of distortion via it... but dunno, hence the question.

Any other means via a camera is ideal. Too. Wanting to avoid post processing trickery and get the more "organic" look of this kind of distortion when the camera rotates and moves through the scene.

See any skateboarding video for how this looks in real life.

Answer 1

What you are looking for is called Barrel Distrortion.

There are a few ways of doing this, all of them using GLSL shaders.

You can either use classic OpenGL code, such as this example for the Occulus Rift (you will need to change the shader a little bit), or my personal favorite: SCNTechnique.

Create a technique containing a Barrel Fragment Shader (.fsh), and set its draw parameter to DRAW_QUAD. Then, simply apply the technique to your camera.

You can find an example of Barrel Distortion shader here : http://www.geeks3d.com/20140213/glsl-shader-library-fish-eye-and-dome-and-barrel-distortion-post-processing-filters/2/

---

EDIT: here's a sample code:

barrel.json (this should go in your scnassets bundle)

{
  "passes" : {
    "barrel" : {
      "outputs" : {
        "color" : "COLOR"
      },
      "inputs" : {
        "colorSampler" : "COLOR",
        "noiseSampler" : "noiseSymbol",
        "a_position" : "a_position-symbol"
      },
      "program" : "art.scnassets/barrel",
      "draw" : "DRAW_QUAD"
    }
  },
  "sequence" : [
    "barrel"
  ],
  "symbols" : {
    "a_position-symbol" : {
      "semantic" : "vertex"
    },
    "noiseSymbol" : {
      "image" : "noise.png",
      "type" : "sampler2D"
    },
    "barrelPower" : {
      "type" : "float"
    }
  }
}

barrel.vsh

attribute vec4 a_position;
varying vec2 uv;

void main() {
    gl_Position = a_position;
    uv = a_position.xy;
}

barrel.fsh

// Adapted from :
// http://www.geeks3d.com/20140213/glsl-shader-library-fish-eye-and-dome-and-barrel-distortion-post-processing-filters/2/

uniform sampler2D colorSampler;
const float PI = 3.1415926535;
uniform float barrelPower;

varying vec2 uv;


vec2 Distort(vec2 p)
{
    float theta  = atan(p.y, p.x);
    float radius = length(p);
    radius = pow(radius, barrelPower);
    p.x = radius * cos(theta);
    p.y = radius * sin(theta);
    return 0.5 * (p + 1.0);
}


void main() {

    vec2 rg = 2.0 * uv.xy - 1.0;
    vec2 uv2;
    float d = length(xy);
    if (d < 1.0){
        uv2 = Distort(xy);
    }else{
        uv2 = uv.xy;
    }

    gl_FragColor = texture2D(colorSampler, uv2);
}

something.m

NSURL *url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"art.scnassets/barrel" withExtension:@"json"];
NSDictionary *tecDic = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL: url] options:nil error:nil];

SCNTechnique* technique = [SCNTechnique techniqueWithDictionary:tecDic];

[technique setValue: [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.5]  forKey:@"barrelPower"];


cameraNode.technique = technique;