Find available "number" in a 2d array

Question

I have this problem that I need to solve in the most effecient way. I have a 2d array that contains the following: Everything that is a 1 is a "wall" which means you cannot go through it. 2 is the entrance where you "enter" the array or map if you like. 3 are the things we need to find. Here is an example of a map:

1111111
1  3131
2 11111
1    31
1111111

This could be an example of an array that i need to look in. As you can see there is a 3 that is "unreachable, since it's surrounded by a wall "1". Which means that there are two available numbers in this array.

First we need to find the entrance. Since the entrance can be anywhere I need to search the entire array. I have done the following:

int treasureAmount = 0;
     Point entrance = new Point(0,0);
     for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < N; i++){
             if(map[i][j] == 2){
                 entrance.x =i;
                 entrance.y =j;
             }

         }

This takes O(n^2) time, and i don't really see another way to do this, since the entrance can be anywhere. However i'm not really sure how to find the available numbers effectivly and fast. I thought about while searching the arrays for the entrance i will at the same time find the all the number 3 in the array even though some might not be accessible, and after that i'm not really sure how to effectivly find which are accessible.

Answer 1

You cannot do it better that O(n^2). It will take that much time just to read the array. But then you could do a depth first search to find the reachable 3's in the array. Here is the pseudo code.

main()
{
    read array and mark the entrance as ent.x and ent.y and also an array threex[] and threey[] that stores all the exit position.
    boolean visited[][]; //stores whether array[i][j] is reachable or not.
    dfs(ent.x,ent.y);
    for each element in three arrays
    {
        if(visited[threex[i]][threey[i]]) print ("Reachable");
        else print("not reachable", threex[i], threey[i]);
    }
}
int dx[]={1,0,-1,0},dy[]={0,1,0,-1}; // dx[i], dy[i] tells whether to move in E,N,W,S respectively.
dfs(int x,int y)
{
    visited[x][y]=true;
    for(i=0;i<4;i++)//move in all directions
    {
        int newx=x+dx[i],newy=y+dy[i];
        //check if this is within the array boundary
        if(newx>=0&&newx<N && newy>=0&&newy<N)
        if(!visited[newx][newy] && array[newx][newy]!=1) // check if the node is unvisited and that it is pemissible
             dfs(newx,newy);
    }
}

Since each array element is taken up not more than once in the dfs function the complexity of the code is O(n^2).