my java class
private static final String constantString = "Constant";
private static final Integer constantInteger = 5;
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s2 = constantString + "append"; // LINENUMBER 9
Integer i2 = constantInteger + 7; // LINENUMBER 10
}
Byte code
LINENUMBER 9 L0
LDC "Constantappend"
ASTORE 1
L1
LINENUMBER 10 L1
GETSTATIC TestClass.constantInteger : Ljava/lang/Integer;
INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/Integer.intValue()I
BIPUSH 7
IADD
Question No1 : Why compiler not replacing final Integer (constantInteger) value with 5,but for String it did!
if remove final keyword for Integer variable
java code :
private static Integer constantInteger = 5;
byte code :
LINENUMBER 10 L1
GETSTATIC TestClass.constantInteger : Ljava/lang/Integer;
INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/Integer.intValue()I
BIPUSH 7
the byte code is same in two different cases (static final Integer , static Integer)
Question No 2 : Then What is the use of making Integer final ?
Speculation: reason is string interning. The compiler interns strings and has optimization for concatenation of interned strings. But it does not intern Numbers, and apparently lacks the optimization.
I can't think of any reason why it couldn't optimize the Integer case, other than it just hasn't been implemented in compiler. As mentioned in other answers, Integer + involves boxing / unboxing operations, quite different from string + and its implicit StringBuilder optimizations and interning logic. So String + optimization probably comes "for free" from compiler implementation point if view.
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