Fast way to quantize numpy vectors

Question

I have a large number of numpy vectors, each of shape (3,) with 8 bit integer values:

vec = np.random.randint(2**8, size=3)

I'd like to quantize those vectors to a smaller space by some known reduction factor. I know I can hammer this out in a series of operations by defining another vector with values that define the amount of information loss, dividing vec by that vector, then cooercing the resulting values back to integers:

>>> vec = np.random.randint(2**8, size=3)
>>> denominator = np.full(3, 8)
>>> divided = vec / denominator
>>> ints = divided.astype(int)
>>> ints *= denominator
>>>
>>> vec
array([205, 182,  99])
>>> ints
array([200, 176,  96])

Is there a faster way to quantize these numpy vectors though? I'd be very grateful for any ideas others can share on this question.

Answer 1

Assuming that your reduction factor is a power of two, the operation you are showing amounts to clearing the last few bits. This can be done in one step using the bitwise and operator &. You can specify the bitmask directly using Python binary literals 0b11111000 or do 256 - denominator. So thanks to numpy broadcasting all you need to do is

vec & (256 - denominator)