Whenever I try to extend a ruby module, I lose the module methods. Neither include nor extend will do this. Consider the snippet:
module A
def self.say_hi
puts "hi"
end
end
module B
include A
end
B.say_hi #undefined_method
Whether B Includes or Extends A, say_hi will not be defined.
Is there any way to accomplish something like this?
The only difference is where in the ancestor chain the module is added. With include , the module is added after the class in the ancestor chain. With prepend, the module is added before the class in the ancestor chain.
In simple words, the difference between include and extend is that 'include' is for adding methods only to an instance of a class and 'extend' is for adding methods to the class but not to its instance.
The Ruby class Class inherits from Module and adds things like instantiation, properties, etc – all things you would normally think a class would have. Because Module is literally an ancestor of Class , this means Modules can be treated like classes in some ways.
Mixins in Ruby allows modules to access instance methods of another one using include method. Mixins provides a controlled way of adding functionality to classes. The code in the mixin starts to interact with code in the class. In Ruby, a code wrapped up in a module is called mixins that a class can include or extend.
When you extend a module, ruby will provide the module's methods to the class as class methods. However, unlike with include, when you extend a module, Ruby will not insert the module into the class's ancestry chain. We can see this by calling .ancestors on our Rabbit class. The third keyword for providing a module's methods to a class is prepend.
Actually, Ruby facilitates the use of composition by using the mixin facility. Indeed, a module can be included in another module or class by using the include, prepend and extend keywords. Before to start this section, feel free to read my article about the Ruby Object Model if you’re unfamiliar with the ancestor chain in Ruby.
With extend, we have only given the method to the class as a class method. When you extend a module, ruby will provide the module's methods to the class as class methods. However, unlike with include, when you extend a module, Ruby will not insert the module into the class's ancestry chain. We can see this by calling .ancestors on our Rabbit class.
As the title of this post says, you can include and also extend modules, but what does it means to extend a module? When you extend a module, you are adding the methods of that specific module into the object instance you call “extend”.
If you are the author of module A
and will frequently need this, you can re-author A like so:
module A
module ClassMethods
def say_hi
puts "hi"
end
end
extend ClassMethods
def self.included( other )
other.extend( ClassMethods )
end
end
module B
include A
end
A.say_hi #=> "hi"
B.say_hi #=> "hi"
I don't think there's any simple way to do it.
So here is a complex way:
module B
class << self
A.singleton_methods.each do |m|
define_method m, A.method(m).to_proc
end
end
end
You can put it in a helper method like this:
class Module
def include_module_methods(mod)
mod.singleton_methods.each do |m|
(class << self; self; end).send :define_method, m, mod.method(m).to_proc
end
end
end
module B
include_module_methods A
end
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