I've been using EF4 (not code-first) since a year, so I'm not really an expert with it. I've a doubt in using many-to-many relationship regarding save n update.
I read somewhere on stackoverflow (i can't find the url anymore) that one solution - to update an existing many-to-many relation - is to not declare "virtual" property; but, if i do this way, the engine can't load dataas with easy loading.
Can you pls explain me the reason? Otherwire, could you please help me in finding some cool docs on this theme?
thx
Many-to-many relationships require a collection navigation property on both sides. They will be discovered by convention like other types of relationships. The way this relationship is implemented in the database is by a join table that contains foreign keys to both Post and Tag .
Update the Records Updating the entity involves getting the entity from the database, make the necessary changes, and then call the SaveChanges to persist the changes in the database. There are two Scenario's that arise, when you update the data to the database.
You can update a many-to-many relationship this way (as an example which gives user 3 the role 5):
using (var context = new MyObjectContext()) { var user = context.Users.Single(u => u.UserId == 3); var role = context.Roles.Single(r => r.RoleId == 5); user.Roles.Add(role); context.SaveChanges(); }
If the User.Roles
collection is declared as virtual
the line user.Roles.Add(role);
will indeed trigger lazy loading which means that all roles for the user are loaded first from the database before you add the new role.
This is in fact disturbing because you don't need to load the whole Roles
collection to add a new role to the user.
But this doesn't mean that you have to remove the virtual
keyword and abandon lazy loading altogether. You can just turn off lazy loading in this specific situation:
using (var context = new MyObjectContext()) { context.ContextOptions.LazyLoadingEnabled = false; var user = context.Users.Single(u => u.UserId == 3); var role = context.Roles.Single(r => r.RoleId == 5); user.Roles = new List<Role>(); // necessary, if you are using POCOs user.Roles.Add(role); context.SaveChanges(); }
Edit
If you want to update the whole roles collection of a user I would prefer to load the original roles with eager loading ( = Include
). You need this list anyway to possibly remove some roles, so you don't need to wait until lazy loading fetches them from the database:
var newRolsIds = new List<int> { 1, 2, 5 }; using (var context = new MyObjectContext()) { var user = context.Users.Include("Roles") .Single(u => u.UserId == 3); // loads user with roles, for example role 3 and 5 var newRoles = context.Roles .Where(r => newRolsIds.Contains(r.RoleId)) .ToList(); user.Roles.Clear(); foreach (var newRole in newRoles) user.Roles.Add(newRole); context.SaveChanges(); }
Instead of loading the new roles from the database you can also attach them since you know in the example the key property value. You can also remove exactly the missing roles instead of clearing the whole collection and instead of re-adding the exisiting roles:
var newRolsIds = new List<int> { 1, 2, 5 }; using (var context = new MyObjectContext()) { var user = context.Users.Include("Roles") .Single(u => u.UserId == 3); // loads user with roles, for example role 3 and 5 foreach (var role in user.Roles.ToList()) { // Remove the roles which are not in the list of new roles if (!newRoleIds.Contains(role.RoleId)) user.Roles.Remove(role); // Removes role 3 in the example } foreach (var newRoleId in newRoleIds) { // Add the roles which are not in the list of user's roles if (!user.Roles.Any(r => r.RoleId == newRoleId)) { var newRole = new Role { RoleId = newRoleId }; context.Roles.Attach(newRole); user.Roles.Add(newRole); } // Adds roles 1 and 2 in the example } // The roles which the user was already in (role 5 in the example) // have neither been removed nor added. context.SaveChanges(); }
Slaumas answer is really good but I would like to add how you can insert a many to many relationship without loading objects from database first. If you know the Ids to connect that extra database call is redundant. The key is to use Attach()
.
More info about Attach:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/3920217/3850405
public class ConnectBToADto { public Guid AId { get; set; } public Guid BId { get; set; } } public void ConnectBToA(ConnectBToADto dto) { var b = new B() { Id = dto.BId }; Context.B.Attach(b); //Add a new A if the relation does not exist. Redundant if you now that both AId and BId exists var a = Context.A.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Id == dto.AId); if(a == null) { a = new A() { Id = dto.AId }; Context.A.Add(a); } b.As.Add(a); }
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