Efficient passing of std::vector

Question

When a C++ function accepts an std::vector argument, the usual pattern is to pass it by const reference, such as:

int sum2(const std::vector<int> &v)
{
   int s = 0;
   for(size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) s += fn(v[i]);
   return s;
}

I believe that this code results in double dereferencing when the vector elements are accessed, because the CPU should first dereference v to read the pointer to the first element, which pointer needs to be dereferenced again to read the first element. I would expect that it would be more efficient to pass a shallow copy of the vector object on the stack. Such shallow copy would encapsulate a pointer to the first element, and the size, with the pointer referencing the same memory area as the original vector does.

int sum2(vector_ref<int> v)
{
   int s = 0;
   for(size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) s += fn(v[i]);
   return s;
}

Similar performance, but much less convenience could be achieved by passing a random access iterator pair. My question is: what is flawed with this idea? I expect that there should be some good reason that smart people accept to pay the performace cost of vector reference, or deal with the inconvenience of iterators.

Edit: Based on the coments below, please consider the situation if I simply rename the suggested vector_ref class to slice or range. The intention is to use random-access iterator pairs with more natural syntax.

Answer 1

I believe that this code results in double dereferencing when the vector elements are accessed

Not necessarily. Compilers are pretty smart and should be able to eliminate common subexpressions. They can see that the operator [] doesn't change the 'pointer to the first element', so they have no need make the CPU reload it from memory for every loop iteration.