Dynamic Memory Handling Java vs C++

Question

I am a C++ programmer currently trying to work on Java. Working on C++ I have an habit of keeping track of dynamic memory allocations and employing various techniques like RAII to avoid memory leak. Java as we know provides a Garbage Collector(GC) to take care of memory leaks.So while programing in Java should one just let go all the wholesome worries of heap memory and leave it for GC to take care of the memory leaks or should one have a approach similar to that while programming languages without GC, try to take care of the memory you allocate and just let GC take care of ones that you might miss out. What should be the approach? What are the downsides of either?

Answer 1

I'm not sure what you mean by trying to take care of the memory you allocate in presence of a GC, but I'll try some mind reading.

Basically, you shouldn't "worry" about your memory being collected. If you don't reference objects anymore, they will be picked up. Logical memory leaks are still possible if you create a situation where objects are referenced for the rest of your program (example: register listeners and never un-register them, example: implementing a vector-like collection that doesn't set items to null when removing items off the end).

However, if you have a strong RAII background, you'll be disapointed to learn that there is no direct equivalent in Java. The GC is a first-class tool for dealing with memory, but there is no guaranteed on when (or even if) finalizers are called. This means that the first-class treatment applied to memory is not applied to any other resource, such as: windows, database connections, sockets, files, synchronization primitives, etc.

Answer 2

With Java and .net (and i imagine, most other GC'ed languages), you don't need to worry much about heap memory at all. What you do need to worry about, is native resources like file handles, sockets, GUI primitives like fonts and such. Those generally need to be "disposed", which releases the native resources. (They often dispose themselves on finalization anyway, but it's kinda iffy to fall back on that. Dispose stuff yourself.)