Doesn't std::piecewise_construct cause a ODR violation?

Question

std::piecewise_construct, defined in <utility>, has internal linkage since it is declared constexpr. I wonder if use of std::piecewise_construct in a header can violate ODR. For example:

a.hpp

#include <utility>
#include <tuple>

struct point
{
    point(int x, int y)
      : x(x), y(y)
    {}

    int x, y;
};

inline std::pair<point, point> f(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
{
    return {
        std::piecewise_construct,
        std::forward_as_tuple(x1, y1), std::forward_as_tuple(x2, y2)
    };
}

translation unit 1

#include "a.hpp"

translation unit 2

#include "a.hpp"

The std::piecewise_construct in f in TU 1 refers to a different object than that in f in TU 2. I suspect f violates ODR.

N3290 (probably ISO/IEC 14882:2011 also) says the following case is an exception of ODR, in 3.2/5:

a name can refer to a const object with internal or no linkage if the object has the same literal type in all definitions of D, and the object is initialized with a constant expression (5.19), and the value (but not the address) of the object is used, and the object has the same value in all definitions of D;

f satisfies almost all the requirements, but "the value (but not the address) of the object is used" seems ambiguous to me. It's true that std::piecewise_construct_t has no state, but a call of the piecewise constructor of std::pair involves a call of the implicit-declared copy constructor of std::piecewise_construct_t, whose argument is const std::piecewise_construct_t &. The address is "used", isn't it?

I'm very puzzled.

Reference: http://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2007/06/123353.php

Answer 1

It appears that you already have your answer in that boost mailing list posting. Yes, in my opinion it is undefined behavior or at least not sufficiently clear defined behavior.

See this usenet discussion for the same matter being discussed.