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Do RFID tags have a "real" processor capable of simple computations? If so, what is the processing power of nowadays RFID processors?
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The microchip in an RFID transponder is composed of silicon. The antenna can be made of etched copper, aluminum or conductive ink, while the chip and antenna are typically put on a substrate that is PET or paper.
RFID tags are made of three different components: an RFID chip, which is an integrated circuit (IC), an antenna, and a substrate. A tag manufacturer typically does not make all three components in-house.
Active RFID tags possess their own power source – an internal battery that enables them to have extremely long read ranges as well as large memory banks. Typically, active RFID tags are powered by a battery that will last between 3 - 5 years, but when the battery fails, the active tag will need to be replaced.
RFID uses radio waves produced by a reader to detect the presence of (then read the data stored on) an RFID tag. Tags are embedded in small items like cards, buttons, or tiny capsules. These readers also use radio waves in some systems to write new information to the tags.
That depends.. RFID is a very broad field.
There are very simple tags that really only send back their ID when activated using a fixed function logic. I doubt many of them are still in use.
And then there are very sophisticated ones that even run programs written in JAVA and have crypto-processors and other funky stuff built in.
One example of this is the SmartMX Mifare card from NXP.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIFARE
Note: Don't confuse active and passive tags with processor/no processor tags. A tag is active if it has it's own power supply. That does not imply that it has a processor and vice versa.
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