Do annotations apply to all variables in a declaration statement?

Question

If multiple fields are declared in a single statement using a field annotation, does the annotation apply to all of the fields?

For example, will the following result in x, y, and z all having the @Nullable annotation?

@Nullable public Integer x, y, z;

I'm looking for an official specification on this, but have had trouble finding one.

Answer 1

I think the closest we can get is this, starting from §8.3:

FieldDeclaration:
  {FieldModifier} UnannType VariableDeclaratorList ;

VariableDeclaratorList:
  VariableDeclarator {, VariableDeclarator}

VariableDeclarator:
  VariableDeclaratorId [= VariableInitializer]

And FieldModifier is:

FieldModifier:
  (one of)
  Annotation public protected private
  static final transient volatile 

(So an annotation is a field modifier.)

And back to §8.3:

More than one field may be declared in a single FieldDeclaration by using more than one declarator; the FieldModifiers and UnannType apply to all the declarators in the declaration.

So in otherwords, given:

@Nullable public Integer x, y, z;

We know that the field modifiers @Nullable public apply to all of x, y and z.

Also, reading a bit more of §8.3 as well as §9.74 will clarify that that's the case even if @Nullable is declared as a type annotation (i.e. @Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE)):

It is possible for an annotation to appear at a syntactic location in a program where it could plausibly apply to a declaration, or a type, or both. This can happen in any of the five declaration contexts where modifiers immediately precede the type of the declared entity:

• […]

• Field declarations (including enum constants)

• […]

The grammar of the Java programming language unambiguously treats annotations at these locations as modifiers for a declaration (§8.3), […].

In other words, an annotation in such a location is always treated syntactically as a field modifier, even if it's not considered a declaration annotation (because it's not declared with @Target(ElementType.FIELD)). This is also hinted at in the grammar for field declarations, where the type is given as UnannType, i.e. unannotated type.

Answer 2

Yes, they all have the annotation.

The annotation is modifier of the type Integer, not for the x. So all the x, y, z are type @Nullable Integer