Django: Record with max element

Question

I have a database table named 'student' in which there is one column named 'marks'. I want the student record with highest marks in Maths. There is a simple solution to it using order_by()[0]:

Student.objects.filter(subject='Maths').order_by('-marks')[0]

But this sorts the table and then fetches me the first record. If my table is huge, this is redundant as I need only the max record. Is there any way to just get the largest value without sorting?

I want the whole object, not just the max value.

Thanks Anuj

Answer 1

The SQL required would be something like this:

SELECT *
FROM STUDENT
WHERE marks = (SELECT MAX(marks) FROM STUDENT)

To do this via Django, you can use the aggregation API.

max_marks = Student.objects.filter(
    subject='Maths'
).aggregate(maxmarks=Max('marks'))['maxmarks']
Student.objects.filter(subject='Maths', marks=max_marks)

Unfortunately, this query is actually two queries. The max mark aggregation is executed, the result pulled into python, then passed to the second query. There's (surprisingly) no way to pass a queryset that's just an aggregation without a grouping, even though it should be possible to do. I'm going to open a ticket to see how that might be fixed.

Edit:

It is possible to do this with a single query, but it's not very obvious. I haven't seen this method elsewhere.

from django.db.models import Value

max_marks = (
    Student.objects
           .filter(subject='Maths')
           .annotate(common=Value(1))
           .values('common')
           .annotate(max_marks=Max('marks'))
           .values('max_marks')
)

Student.objects.filter(subject='Maths', marks=max_marks)

If you print this query in the shell you get:

SELECT 
       "scratch_student"."id", 
       "scratch_student"."name", 
       "scratch_student"."subject", 
       "scratch_student"."marks" 
  FROM "scratch_student" 
 WHERE ( 
       "scratch_student"."subject" = Maths 
   AND "scratch_student"."marks" = (
       SELECT 
              MAX(U0."marks") AS "max_marks" 
         FROM "scratch_student" U0 
        WHERE U0."subject" = Maths))

Tested on Django 1.11 (currently in alpha). This works by grouping the annotation by the constant 1, which every row will group into. We then strip this grouping column from the select list (the second values(). Django (now) knows enough to determine that the grouping is redundant, and eliminates it. Leaving a single query with the exact SQL we needed.