Difference between freeze and seal

Question

Object.seal

• It prevents adding and/or removing properties from the sealed object; using delete will return false
• It makes every existing property non-configurable: they cannot be converted from 'data descriptors' to 'accessor descriptors' (and vice versa), and no attribute of accessor descriptors can be modified at all (whereas data descriptors can change their writable attribute, and their value attribute if writeable is true).
• Can throw a TypeError when attempting to modify the value of the sealed object itself (most commonly in strict mode)

Object.freeze

• Exactly what Object.seal does, plus:
• It prevents modifying any existing properties

Neither one affects 'deep'/grandchildren objects. E.g., if obj is frozen, obj.el can’t be reassigned, but the value of obj.el could be modified, e.g. obj.el.id can be changed.

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Performance:

Sealing or freezing an object may affect its enumeration speed, depending on the browser:

• Firefox: enumeration performance is not impacted
• IE: enumeration performance impact is negligible
• Chrome: enumeration performance is faster with sealed or frozen objects
• Safari: sealed or frozen objects enumerate 92% slower (as of 2014)

Tests: Sealed objects, Frozen objects.

I wrote a test project which compares these 3 methods:

• Object.freeze()
• Object.seal()
• Object.preventExtensions()

My unit tests cover CRUD cases:

• [C] add new property
• [R] read existed property
• [U] modify existed property
• [D] remove existed property

Result:

You can always looks these up in MDN. In short:

• Freeze: makes the object immutable, meaning no change to defined property allowed, unless they are objects.
• Seal: prevent addition of properties, however defined properties still can be changed.

Object.freeze() creates a frozen object, which means it takes an existing object and essentially calls Object.seal() on it, but it also marks all “data accessor” properties as writable:false, so that their values cannot be changed.

-- Kyle Simpson, You Don't Know JS - This & Object Prototypes