Default property value in React component using TypeScript

Question

I can't figure out how to set default property values for my components using Typescript.

This is the source code:

class PageState
{
}

export class PageProps
{
    foo: string = "bar";
}

export class PageComponent extends React.Component<PageProps, PageState>
{
    public render(): JSX.Element
    {
        return (
            <span>Hello, world</span>
        );
    }
}

And when I try to use the component like this:

ReactDOM.render(<PageComponent />, document.getElementById("page"));

I get an error saying property foo is missing. I want to use the default value. I've also tried to use static defaultProps = ... inside the component, but it had no effect as I suspected.

src/typescript/main.tsx(8,17): error TS2324: Property 'foo' is missing in type 'IntrinsicAttributes & IntrinsicClassAttributes<PageComponent> & PageProps & { children?: ReactEle...'.

How can I use default property values? Many JS components my company uses rely on them and not using them is not a choice.

Answer 1

Default props with class component

Using static defaultProps is correct. You should also be using interfaces, not classes, for the props and state.

Update 2018/12/1: TypeScript has improved the type-checking related to defaultProps over time. Read on for latest and greatest usage down to older usages and issues.

For TypeScript 3.0 and up

TypeScript specifically added support for defaultProps to make type-checking work how you'd expect. Example:

interface PageProps {
  foo: string;
  bar: string;
}

export class PageComponent extends React.Component<PageProps, {}> {
    public static defaultProps = {
        foo: "default"
    };

    public render(): JSX.Element {
        return (
            <span>Hello, { this.props.foo.toUpperCase() }</span>
        );
    }
}

Which can be rendered and compile without passing a foo attribute:

<PageComponent bar={ "hello" } />

Note that:

• foo is not marked optional (ie foo?: string) even though it's not required as a JSX attribute. Marking as optional would mean that it could be undefined, but in fact it never will be undefined because defaultProps provides a default value. Think of it similar to how you can mark a function parameter optional, or with a default value, but not both, yet both mean the call doesn't need to specify a value. TypeScript 3.0+ treats defaultProps in a similar way, which is really cool for React users!
• The defaultProps has no explicit type annotation. Its type is inferred and used by the compiler to determine which JSX attributes are required. You could use defaultProps: Pick<PageProps, "foo"> to ensure defaultProps matches a sub-set of PageProps. More on this caveat is explained here.
• This requires @types/react version 16.4.11 to work properly.

For TypeScript 2.1 until 3.0

Before TypeScript 3.0 implemented compiler support for defaultProps you could still make use of it, and it worked 100% with React at runtime, but since TypeScript only considered props when checking for JSX attributes you'd have to mark props that have defaults as optional with ?. Example:

interface PageProps {
    foo?: string;
    bar: number;
}

export class PageComponent extends React.Component<PageProps, {}> {
    public static defaultProps: Partial<PageProps> = {
        foo: "default"
    };

    public render(): JSX.Element {
        return (
            <span>Hello, world</span>
        );
    }
}

Note that:

• It's a good idea to annotate defaultProps with Partial<> so that it type-checks against your props, but you don't have to supply every required property with a default value, which makes no sense since required properties should never need a default.
• When using strictNullChecks the value of this.props.foo will be possibly undefined and require a non-null assertion (ie this.props.foo!) or type-guard (ie if (this.props.foo) ...) to remove undefined. This is annoying since the default prop value means it actually will never be undefined, but TS didn't understand this flow. That's one of the main reasons TS 3.0 added explicit support for defaultProps.

Before TypeScript 2.1

This works the same but you don't have Partial types, so just omit Partial<> and either supply default values for all required props (even though those defaults will never be used) or omit the explicit type annotation completely.

Default props with Functional Components

You can use defaultProps on function components as well, but you have to type your function to the FunctionComponent (StatelessComponent in @types/react before version 16.7.2) interface so that TypeScript knows about defaultProps on the function:

interface PageProps {
  foo?: string;
  bar: number;
}

const PageComponent: FunctionComponent<PageProps> = (props) => {
  return (
    <span>Hello, {props.foo}, {props.bar}</span>
  );
};

PageComponent.defaultProps = {
  foo: "default"
};

Note that you don't have to use Partial<PageProps> anywhere because FunctionComponent.defaultProps is already specified as a partial in TS 2.1+.

Another nice alternative (this is what I use) is to destructure your props parameters and assign default values directly:

const PageComponent: FunctionComponent<PageProps> = ({foo = "default", bar}) => {
  return (
    <span>Hello, {foo}, {bar}</span>
  );
};

Then you don't need the defaultProps at all! Be aware that if you do provide defaultProps on a function component it will take precedence over default parameter values, because React will always explicitly pass the defaultProps values (so the parameters are never undefined, thus the default parameter is never used.) So you'd use one or the other, not both.

Answer 2

With Typescript 2.1+, use Partial < T > instead of making your interface properties optional.

export interface Props {
    obj: Model,
    a: boolean
    b: boolean
}

public static defaultProps: Partial<Props> = {
    a: true
};