const char* and char const* - are they the same?

Question

From my understanding, const modifiers should be read from right to left. From that, I get that:

const char* 

is a pointer whose char elements can't be modified, but the pointer itself can, and

char const* 

is a constant pointer to mutable chars.

But I get the following errors for the following code:

const char* x = new char[20]; x = new char[30];   //this works, as expected x[0] = 'a';         //gives an error as expected  char const* y = new char[20]; y = new char[20];   //this works, although the pointer should be const (right?) y[0] = 'a';         //this doesn't although I expect it to work 

So... which one is it? Is my understanding or my compiler(VS 2005) wrong?

Answer 1

Actually, according to the standard, const modifies the element directly to its left. The use of const at the beginning of a declaration is just a convenient mental shortcut. So the following two statements are equivalent:

char const * pointerToConstantContent1; const char * pointerToConstantContent2; 

In order to ensure the pointer itself is not modified, const should be placed after the asterisk:

char * const constantPointerToMutableContent; 

To protect both the pointer and the content to which it points, use two consts.

char const * const constantPointerToConstantContent; 

I've personally adopted always putting the const after the portion I intend not to modify such that I maintain consistency even when the pointer is the part I wish to keep constant.