Code folding in RStudio: Creating hierarchy in the code

Question

I'm writing R scripts in RStudio and I use the code folding a lot. I found that you can see the hierarchy of the folding by pressing cmd + shift + O. This is super helpful.

# to my dear love --------------------------------------------------------- 2+2  # yo man ==== x.2 = function (x) {x+2}  ### I do love potatoes #### 

See the result by pressing cmd + shift + O.

I don't understand how this is working because when I write the code below, I can create a subsection without text but not when there is text in it (using # ==== but not # yo man ====).

# to my dear love --------------------------------------------------------- 2+2 # ====   # yo man ====  ### I do love potatoes #### x.2 = function (x) {x+2} data = "here is some data" 

See the result by pressing cmd + shift + O.

You can see that under # to my dear love --------------------------------------------------------- everything under is shifted to the right! This is cool!

1. The question is thus, how could it be possible to create a hierarchy of sections that include text in it?
2. Is it a peculiar package or Emac that is doing this? How can I create subsections, with text, and see the hierarchy in the cmd + shift + O box?
3. How can I down shift a section (going to a higher section (say section 2) to a lower section (section 1), by decreasing the visual hierarchy in the right box?

Answer 1

As per Chris's answer subheaders within functions

RStudio Code Folding hierarchy only works within function definitions and if-else structures. For example:

# Section 1 ---- a <- 1  testfunct1 <- function () { # sect in function=====   b <- 2   c <- 3 }  # Section 2 ##### d <- 4  # Section 3 ======= e <- 5  testfunct2 <- function () {   # sect in function 2 =====   f <- 6   testsubfunct2_1 <- function () {   # sect in subfunction 2_1 -----     if (a == 1) {       # section in if ----       g < 7     } else {       # section in else ----       h = 8     }   }  }  # Section 4 #### j <- 9 

Produces this outline:

I don't know why the if-else section labels do not line up.