I would like to understand what is Chip rate, Symbol rate and bit rate.
How is it different ?
In this case, the baud or symbol rate is the same as the bit rate. However, it's possible to have more than two symbols per transmission interval, whereby each symbol represents multiple bits. With more than two symbols, data is transmitted using modulation techniques.
Yes, @ means "at the rate of".
Calculation are as follows: Chip Load = Feed Rate (inches per minute) / (RPM x number of flutes). Example: Chip Load = 500 inches per minutes / (15,000 RPM x 2 flutes) Chip Load = . 017″. Chip loads are based on material thickness of average size for cutting edge length of tool.
Bitrate, as the name implies, describes the rate at which bits are transferred from one location to another. It measures how much data is transmitted in a given amount of time. Bitrate is commonly measured in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), or megabits per second (Mbps).
In digital communications, each symbol may encode one or more bits. Very simple modulation schemes, e.g. PSK, just encode one bit per symbol, but more sophisticated schemes can encode several bits per symbol, e.g. QPSK encodes 2 bits per symbol. Hence the symbol rate (symbols per second, aka baud) may be less than bit rate (bits per second).
Chip rate is a term which is specific to spread spectrum communication - a symbol is represented by a number of chips, hence the symbol rate is lower than the chip rate.
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