Canonicalize / normalize a URL?

Question

I am searching for a library function to normalize a URL in Python, that is to remove "./" or "../" parts in the path, or add a default port or escape special characters and so on. The result should be a string that is unique for two URLs pointing to the same web page. For example http://google.com and http://google.com:80/a/../ shall return the same result.

I would prefer Python 3 and already looked through the urllib module. It offers functions to split URLs but nothing to canonicalize them. Java has the URI.normalize() function that does a similar thing (though it does not consider the default port 80 equal to no given port), but is there something like this is python?

Answer 1

This is what I use and it's worked so far. You can get urlnorm from pip.

Notice that I sort the query parameters. I've found this to be essential.

from urlparse import urlsplit, urlunsplit, parse_qsl
from urllib import urlencode
import urlnorm

def canonizeurl(url):
    split = urlsplit(urlnorm.norm(url))
    path = split[2].split(' ')[0]

    while path.startswith('/..'):
        path = path[3:]

    while path.endswith('%20'):
        path = path[:-3]

    qs = urlencode(sorted(parse_qsl(split.query)))
    return urlunsplit((split.scheme, split.netloc, path, qs, ''))