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I know that the ATTR function is used for aggregation, but can someone explain it in simple terms?
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This is because ATTR is an aggregate function. Any field that is or can be aggregated will show up under Measures. Drag Order ID to the Rows shelf.
The attr() method sets or returns attributes and values of the selected elements. When this method is used to return the attribute value, it returns the value of the FIRST matched element.
Dimensions affect the level of detail in the view. Measures contain numeric, quantitative values that you can measure. Measures can be aggregated. When you drag a measure into the view, Tableau applies an aggregation to that measure (by default).
In the most simplest of terms, ATTR returns a value if it is unique, otherwise it returns "*". I think you'll find this link helpful with examples.
https://www.interworks.com/blog/tcostello/2014/05/15/attr-tableaus-attribute-function-explained
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You cannot mix aggregate and non aggregate comparisons in tableau, you have to use ATTR, for e.g. if ATTR(segment) ='Corporate' then sum(sales)
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