Can JavaScript constructor return function and keep inheritance?

Question

function F() {
    return function() {
        return {};
    }
}

var f = new F();
f instanceof F; // returns false

As far as I understand, if I want instanceof to work, I need to return this from the constructor. But I want the constructor to return a function, and I cannot assign to this.

So, is this really impossible or can it be done somehow, for f = new F() to return a function and still f instanceof F to return true?

Answer 1

function F() {
    var r = function() {
        return {};
    };

    r.__proto__ = this.__proto__;
    return r;
}

var f = new F();
f instanceof F;
true
f();
Object

Only works in the browsers with __proto__

Answer 2

You could of course make all functions appear to be instanceof F by setting F.prototype = Function.prototype;.

Unfortunately it looks as if ECMAScript doesn't allow you to create a function subclass.

You can however do it in Gecko using the deprecated __proto__ property:

function F() {
    function f() {
        return {};
    }
    f.__proto__ = F.prototype;
    return f;
 }
 F.prototype.__proto__ = F.__proto__;

Answer 3

To anyone coming across this today, with ES6/2015 there's new syntax you can use to avoid the deprecated __proto__ property; Object.setPrototypeOf. Note that MDN warns that this is a slow/expensive operation.

function F() {
    const f = function() {
        return {};
    }
    Object.setPrototypeOf(f, F.prototype);
    return f;
}

var f = new F();
f instanceof F; // returns true
f(); // returns {}

Note also that it gets a little weird if you want to initialize values in the constructor. You need to set them as props on the function you will return, but later additions to the prototype will reference them as 'this'. e.g.

function F() {
    const f = function() {
        return {};
    }
    f.favoriteBand = 'The Books';
    Object.setPrototypeOf(f, F.prototype);
    return f;
}
F.prototype.getFavoriteBand = function(){ return this.favoriteBand; }

var f = new F();
f.getFavoriteBand() // returns 'The Books'