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Is there any way to compile from Java to standalone (or library) machine code without requiring a JVM?
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Yes you can. While normally Java is compiled to bytecode executed by JVM, there are compilers that output native code. For example, gcc has Java front-end, the gcj , so you can use that along with -s option (which emits assembly output instead of machine code).
Turn Your Java Application Into a BinaryThe Java byte code compiles into native code ahead-of-time (AOT). This native code runs on a Substrate VM, a minimal virtual machine separate from the Java Virtual Machine. Without (just-in-time) JIT compilation, applications can start faster with less memory.
Java can be considered both a compiled and an interpreted language because its source code is first compiled into a binary byte-code. This byte-code runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which is usually a software-based interpreter.
Native Image is a technology to ahead-of-time compile Java code to a standalone executable, called a native image. This executable includes the application classes, classes from its dependencies, runtime library classes, and statically linked native code from JDK.
There used to be a tool called GCJ that was part of GCC, but it's been removed. Now, all the links in the GCC site re-direct to their non-GCJ equivalents.
NB: the comments all refered to my original answer saying you can compile Java to native code with GCJ.
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