C++: Where to initialize variables in constructor [duplicate]

Question

In short, always prefer initialization lists when possible. 2 reasons:

• If you do not mention a variable in a class's initialization list, the constructor will default initialize it before entering the body of the constructor you've written. This means that option 2 will lead to each variable being written to twice, once for the default initialization and once for the assignment in the constructor body.

• Also, as mentioned by mwigdahl and avada in other answers, const members and reference members can only be initialized in an initialization list.

Also note that variables are always initialized on the order they are declared in the class declaration, not in the order they are listed in an initialization list (with proper warnings enabled a compiler will warn you if a list is written out of order). Similarly, destructors will call member destructors in the opposite order, last to first in the class declaration, after the code in your class's destructor has executed.

Although it doesn't apply to this specific example, Option 1 allows you to initialize member variables of reference type (or const type, as pointed out below). Option 2 doesn't. In general, Option 1 is the more powerful approach.

See Should my constructors use "initialization lists" or "assignment"?

Briefly: in your specific case, it does not change anything. But:

• for class/struct members with constructors, it may be more efficient to use option 1.
• only option 1 allows you to initialize reference members.
• only option 1 allows you to initialize const members
• only option 1 allows you to initialize base classes using their constructor
• only option 2 allows you to initialize array or structs that do not have a constructor.

My guess for why option 2 is more common is that option 1 is not well-known, neither are its advantages. Option 2's syntax feels more natural to the new C++ programmer.

Option 1 allows you to use a place specified exactly for explicitly initializing member variables.