C compile : collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Question

I tried to search for that bug online but all the posts are for C++.

This is the message:

test1.o: In function `ReadDictionary':
/home/johnny/Desktop/haggai/test1.c:13: undefined reference to `CreateDictionary'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [test1] Error 1

super simple code and can't understand what's the problem

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "dict.h"
#include "hash.h"


pHash ReadDictionary() {
    /* This function reads a dictionary line by line from the standard input. */
    pHash dictionary;
    char entryLine[100] = "";
    char *word, *translation;

    dictionary = CreateDictionary();
    while (scanf("%s", entryLine) == 1) { // Not EOF
        word = strtok(entryLine, "=");
        translation = strtok(NULL, "=");
        AddTranslation(dictionary, word, translation);
    }
    return dictionary;
}

int main() {
    pHash dicti;
...

now this is the header dict.h

#ifndef _DICT_H_
#define _DICT_H_

#include "hash.h"

pHash CreateDictionary();
...

#endif

and here is the dict.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "hash.h"
#include "dict.h"


pHash CreateDectionary()
{
    pHash newDict;
    newDict= HashCreate(650, HashWord, PrintEntry, CompareWords, GetEntryKey, DestroyEntry);
    return newDict;
}

and if you wanna check hash.h

#ifndef _HASH_H_
#define _HASH_H_

//type defintions//
typedef enum {FAIL = 0, SUCCESS} Result;
typedef enum {SAME = 0, DIFFERENT} CompResult;

typedef struct _Hash Hash, *pHash;

typedef void* pElement;
typedef void* pKey;

//function types//
typedef int (*HashFunc) (pKey key, int size);
typedef Result (*PrintFunc) (pElement element);
typedef CompResult (*CompareFunc) (pKey key1, pKey key2);
typedef pKey (*GetKeyFunc) (pElement element);
typedef void (*DestroyFunc)(pElement element);
...

//interface functions//

#endif

Maybe it will be easier if I give you the files here?

Any way, I will be happy for tips on how to understand the problem

Answer 1

Your problem is the typo in the function CreateDectionary().You should change it to CreateDictionary(). collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status is the same problem in both C and C++, usually it means that you have unresolved symbols. In your case is the typo that i mentioned before.

Answer 2

I got this problem, and tried many ways to solve it. Finally, it turned out that make clean and make again solved it. The reason is: I got the source code together with object files compiled previously with an old gcc version. When my newer gcc version wants to link that old object files, it can't resolve some function in there. It happens to me several times that the source code distributors do not clean up before packing, so a make clean saved the day.