build.gradle in the project vs. build.gradle in the app

Question

I started a project in Android Studio, with IntelliJ.

The project includes two files called build.gradle. One is under the folder app, and one is under the main folder which is my project name, say MyProject.

Why the need for two? What is the difference between the two build.gradles?

Answer 1

Android Studio project consists of modules, libraries, manifest files and Gradle build files.

Each project contains one top-level Gradle build file. This file is named build.gradle and can be found in the top level directory.

This file usually contains common config for all modules, common functions..

Example:

  //gradle-plugin for android
  buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()  //or jcenter()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.2'        
    }
  }

  // common variables
  ext {
     compileSdkVersion = 19
     buildToolsVersion = "20.0.0"
  }

  // a custom function
  def isReleaseBuild() {
     return version.contains("SNAPSHOT") == false
  }

  //common config for all projects
  allprojects {
     version = VERSION_NAME

     repositories {
       mavenCentral()
     }
  }

All modules have a specific build.gradle file. This file contains all info about this module (because a project can contain more modules), as config,build tyoes, info for signing your apk, dependencies....

Example:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'


android {
    //These lines use the constants declared in top file
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
    buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 19
        versionName project.VERSION_NAME  //it uses a property declared in gradle.properties
        versionCode Integer.parseInt(project.VERSION_CODE) 
    }

    // Info about signing
    signingConfigs {
        release
    }

    // Info about your build types
    buildTypes {
        if (isReleaseBuild()) {
            release {
                signingConfig signingConfigs.release
            }
        }

        debug {
            applicationIdSuffix ".debug"
            versionNameSuffix "-debug"
        }
    }

    // lint configuration
    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }
}

//Declare your dependencies  
dependencies {
    //Local library
    compile project(':Mylibrary')
    // Support Libraries
    compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:20.0.0'
    // Picasso
    compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.3.4'

}

You can find more info here: http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing/studio-build.html

Answer 2

build.gradle (Project:My-app)

Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

Each project contains a top-level Gradle file. It usually contains common configurations for all modules. Whatever is included in this top-level Gradle gile, it will affect all modules.

Example:

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.0.0-alpha3'

        //Maven plugin
        classpath 'com.github.dcendents:android-maven-gradle-plugin:1.3'

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

build.gradle (Module:app)

Build file of your specific module (where you add your dependencies, signing configurations, build types, flavors, etc.)

All modules have a specific Gradle file. Whatever is included in this gradle file, it will only affect the module that is included on.

Example:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.hrskrs.gesturefun"
        minSdkVersion 10
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            zipAlignEnabled true
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
        debug {
            debuggable true
            zipAlignEnabled true
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile project(':gesture-fun')
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:23.1.1'
    compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:7.0.1'
}