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In HTML 4 and XHTML 1, you can't assign a class to the <head> element. However, in XHTML 1.0 you can give it an ID. In HTML5 it seems you can give it a class. I am curious, why you would want to?
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class is one of what are now called global attributes (along with global events). They'll have to apply to every single element in the DOM, regardless of its nature.
I believe it's related to the API. The spec defines every DOM HTML element to inherit from a base interface called HTMLElement that defines the aforementioned global attributes and events. Namely:
interface HTMLElement : Element {
// ...
// metadata attributes
attribute DOMString id;
attribute DOMString title;
attribute DOMString lang;
attribute DOMString dir;
attribute DOMString className;
readonly attribute DOMTokenList classList;
readonly attribute DOMStringMap dataset;
With that said, the editor(s) of the spec did make the following note at the end of the list of global attributes/events:
Note: While these attributes apply to all elements, they are not useful on all elements. For example, only media elements will ever receive a
volumechangeevent fired by the user agent.
So I suppose they don't expect you to, but they can neither think of a reason to allow it or not to allow it. It's just part of the API (i.e. an HTMLHeadElement is an HTMLElement anyway).
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