Array Attribute for Ruby Model

Question

Create a model with a text field

> rails g model Arches thearray:text
  invoke  active_record
  create    db/migrate/20111111174052_create_arches.rb
  create    app/models/arches.rb
  invoke    test_unit
  create      test/unit/arches_test.rb
  create      test/fixtures/arches.yml
> rake db:migrate
==  CreateArches: migrating ===================================================
-- create_table(:arches)
   -> 0.0012s
==  CreateArches: migrated (0.0013s) ==========================================

edit your model to make the field serialized to an array

class Arches < ActiveRecord::Base
  serialize :thearray,Array
end

test it out

ruby-1.8.7-p299 :001 > a = Arches.new
 => #<Arches id: nil, thearray: [], created_at: nil, updated_at: nil> 
ruby-1.8.7-p299 :002 > a.thearray
 => [] 
ruby-1.8.7-p299 :003 > a.thearray << "test"
 => ["test"] 

While you can use a serialized array as tokland suggested, this is rarely a good idea in a relational database. You have three superior alternatives:

• If the array holds entity objects, it's probably better modeled as a has_many relationship.
• If the array is really just an array of values such as numbers, then you might want to put each value in a separate field and use composed_of.
• If you're going to be using a lot of array values that aren't has_manys, you might want to investigate a DB that actually supports array fields. PostgreSQL does this (and array fields are supported in Rails 4 migrations), but you might want to use either a non-SQL database like MongoDB or object persistence such as MagLev is supposed to provide.

If you can describe your use case -- that is, what data you've got in the array -- we can try to help figure out what the best course of action is.

Migration:

t.text :thearray, :default => [].to_yaml

In the model use serialize:

class MyModel
  serialize :thearray, Array
  ...
end

As Marnen says in his answer, it would be good to know what kind of info you want to store in that array, a serialized attribute may not be the best option.

[Marten Veldthuis' warning] Be careful about changing the serialized array. If you change it directly like this:

my_model.thearray = [1,2,3]

That works fine, but if you do this:

my_model.thearray << 4

Then ActiveRecord won't detect that the value of thearray has changed. To tell AR about that change, you need to do this:

my_model.thearray_will_change!
my_model.thearray << 4

If using Postgres, you can use its Array feature:

Migration:

add_column :model, :attribute, :text, array: true, default: []

And then just use it like an array:

model.attribute # []
model.attribute = ["d"] #["d"]
model.attribute << "e" # ["d", "e"]

This approach was mentioned by Marnen but I believe an example would be helpful here.