Arch Linux system update: error: GPGME error: No data

Question

When I finally decided to upgrade my laptop running vanilla Arch Linux (because of internet problems) I kept on getting errors like this:

$ sudo pacman -Syu
:: Synchronizing package databases...
 core                     126.8 KiB   125K/s 00:01 [######################] 100%
 extra                   1639.9 KiB   221K/s 00:07 [######################] 100%
 community                  4.2 MiB   169K/s 00:26 [######################] 100%
 multilib                 168.6 KiB   169K/s 00:01 [######################] 100%
 archlinuxfr               11.5 KiB  0.00B/s 00:00 [######################] 100%
 xorg116                    6.3 KiB  20.5K/s 00:00 [######################] 100%
 xorg116.sig                6.3 KiB  0.00B/s 00:00 [######################] 100%
error: GPGME error: No data
error: failed to update xorg116 (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
 catalyst                   6.3 KiB  0.00B/s 00:00 [######################] 100%
 catalyst.sig               6.4 KiB  0.00B/s 00:00 [######################] 100%
error: GPGME error: No data
error: failed to update catalyst (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature)) 
error: database 'xorg116' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))
error: database 'catalyst' is not valid (invalid or corrupted database (PGP signature))  

I haven't updated/upgraded for nearly a month or more because of internet issues. I tried all the things people suggested to do on other websites including stack overflow but none of them worked.

What I tried:

$ sudo pacman -Rdd catalyst                             47.6s  Fri 21:44
error: GPGME error: No data
error: GPGME error: No data
error: target not found: catalyst

$ sudo pacman -Syu                                              Fri 21:44
error: GPGME error: No data
error: GPGME error: No data
**and the same thing as "$ sudo pacman -Syu"**

This is also the same output for $ sudo pacman -Syy

I have also tried

$ sudo pacman -Scc
$ sudo pacman-key --init
$ sudo pacman-key --populate archlinux                     1394ms  Fri 
==> Appending keys from archlinux.gpg...
==> Locally signing trusted keys in keyring...
  -> Locally signing key DDB867B92AA789C165EEFA799B729B06A680C281...
  -> Locally signing key 684148BB25B49E986A4944C55184252D824B18E8...
  -> Locally signing key 91FFE0700E80619CEB73235CA88E23E377514E00...
  -> Locally signing key AB19265E5D7D20687D303246BA1DFB64FFF979E7...
  -> Locally signing key 0E8B644079F599DFC1DDC3973348882F6AC6A4C2...
 ==> Importing owner trust values...
==> Disabling revoked keys in keyring...
  -> Disabling key 7FA647CD89891DEDC060287BB9113D1ED21E1A55...
  -> Disabling key D4DE5ABDE2A7287644EAC7E36D1A9E70E19DAA50...
  -> Disabling key 40440DC037C05620984379A6761FAD69BA06C6A9...
  -> Disabling key B1F2C889CB2CCB2ADA36D963097D629E437520BD...
  -> Disabling key BC1FBE4D2826A0B51E47ED62E2539214C6C11350...
  -> Disabling key 63F395DE2D6398BBE458F281F2DBB4931985A992...
  -> Disabling key 8F76BEEA0289F9E1D3E229C05F946DED983D4366...
  -> Disabling key 4FCF887689C41B09506BE8D5F3E1D5C5D30DB0AD...
  -> Disabling key 81D7F8241DB38BC759C80FCE3A726C6170E80477...
  -> Disabling key 5E7585ADFF106BFFBBA319DC654B877A0864983E...
  -> Disabling key E7210A59715F6940CF9A4E36A001876699AD6E84...
  -> Disabling key F5A361A3A13554B85E57DDDAAF7EF7873CFD4BB6...
  -> Disabling key 8CF934E339CAD8ABF342E822E711306E3C4F88BC...
  -> Disabling key 5696C003B0854206450C8E5BE613C09CB4440678...
  -> Disabling key 9515D8A8EAB88E49BB65EDBCE6B456CAF15447D5...
  -> Disabling key 4A8B17E20B88ACA61860009B5CED81B7C2E5C0D2...
  -> Disabling key 0B20CA1931F5DA3A70D0F8D2EA6836E1AB441196...
  -> Disabling key 34C5D94FE7E7913E86DC427E7FB1A3800C84C0A5...
  -> Disabling key 39F880E50E49A4D11341E8F939E4F17F295AFBF4...
  -> Disabling key 66BD74A036D522F51DD70A3C7F2A16726521E06D...
  -> Disabling key 44D4A033AC140143927397D47EFD567D4C7EA887...
  -> Disabling key 27FFC4769E19F096D41D9265A04F9397CDFD6BB0...
==> Updating trust database...
gpg: next trustdb check due at 2018-06-25

But nothing worked, no changes at all.
Anyone know why this is happening? Is it perhaps because I didn't update Arch Linux for such a long time? How can I fix this?

Thanks!

Answer 1

Remove and then update

in terminal

1. $ sudo rm -R /var/lib/pacman/sync
2. $ sudo pacman -Syu