Android Espresso : cannot resolve symbol AndroidJUnit4.class

Question

I'm trying to create Espresso UI test inside the new Android project but I faced with the following problem.

If I tried to create a empty test class:

import android.content.Intent; import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule; import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4; import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;  import org.junit.Rule; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith;  import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView; import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches; import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId; import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;   @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class LoginActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<LoginActivity> {  } 

I always get this error message:

cannot resolve symbol AndroidJUnit4.class 

And almost all imported libraries are marked as unused.

build.gradle file is containing the following:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'  android {     compileSdkVersion 23     buildToolsVersion "23.0.0"      defaultConfig {         applicationId "com.some.thing.xxx"         minSdkVersion 14         targetSdkVersion 23         versionCode 1         versionName "1.0"         testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"     }     buildTypes {         release {             minifyEnabled false             proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'         }     }     lintOptions {         abortOnError false     }     packagingOptions {         exclude 'LICENSE.txt'     } }  repositories {     mavenCentral()     maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/" }     maven { url "https://jitpack.io" } }  dependencies {     compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])     compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.0'     compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0'     compile 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.18'     compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:1.11'     // App dependencies     compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.0'     // TESTING DEPENDENCIES     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'     // Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.3'     // Set this dependency to build and run Espresso tests     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2'     // add this for intent mocking support     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2'     // add this for webview testing support     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2'     // Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'     androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2' } 

If I put these setting on my other test project it works, so I don't know what can be wrong?

I've followed this tutorial:"

http://www.vogella.com/tutorials/AndroidTestingEspresso/article.html

And I've tried to resolve it by following SO question: Cannot resolve symbol 'AndroidJUnit4'

But without the luck.

Many thanks for any advice.

Answer 1

I've tried the same tutorial from vogella too and ran into many issues. One of the first issues I ran into was a dependency clash between the annotation versions of v23 libs and the Espresso libs.

Then I found another recently updated tutorial from Roger Hu "UI Testting with Espresso". I noticed a remark that Espresso is not supporting Marshmallow yet.

The dependencies were added as follows:

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2') {     // Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since Espresso     // hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)     exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations' } androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.3') {     // Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since the test runner     // hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)     exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations' } 

This solved my dependency conflict and I didn't see any of the rest of the issues occurring.

Answer 2

I solved it by manually importing the following, I thought it should be imported automatically but it didn't :

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView; import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click; import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard; import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText; import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches; import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId; import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;