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malloc() doesn't initialize the allocated memory. If you try to read from the allocated memory without first initializing it, then you will invoke undefined behavior, which will usually mean the values you read will be garbage. calloc() allocates the memory and also initializes every byte in the allocated memory to 0.
Malloc() function is used to allocate a single block of memory space while the calloc() in C is used to allocate multiple blocks of memory space. Each block allocated by the calloc() function is of the same size.
The alloca() function allocates size bytes of space in the stack frame of the caller. This temporary space is automatically freed when the function that called alloca() returns to its caller.
C realloc() method “realloc” or “re-allocation” method in C is used to dynamically change the memory allocation of a previously allocated memory. In other words, if the memory previously allocated with the help of malloc or calloc is insufficient, realloc can be used to dynamically re-allocate memory.
alloc() is not a standard C library function. Some older compilers and libraries contain an <alloc.h> library which provides some memory allocation functions, but this is not standard. The Microsoft Visual C++ runtime includes an Alloc() function which is somewhat similar to malloc(), but this is also not part of the C standard.
malloc() allocates memory on the process heap. Memory allocated using malloc() will remain on the heap until it is freed using free().
alloca() allocates memory within the current function's stack frame. Memory allocated using alloca() will be removed from the stack when the current function returns. alloca() is limited to small allocations.
Situations where alloca() is appropriate are rare. In almost all situations, you should use malloc() to allocate memory.
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