//go through each question foreach($file_data as $value) {    //separate the string by pipes and place in variables    list($category, $question) = explode('|', $value);     //place in assoc array    $data = array($category => $question);    print_r($data);  }  This is not working as it replaces the value of data. How can I have it add an associative value each loop though? $file_data is an array of data that has a dynamic size.
You can simply do this
$data += array($category => $question);   If your're running on php 5.4+
$data += [$category => $question]; 
                        I think you want $data[$category] = $question;
Or in case you want an array that maps categories to array of questions:
$data = array(); foreach($file_data as $value) {     list($category, $question) = explode('|', $value, 2);      if(!isset($data[$category])) {         $data[$category] = array();     }     $data[$category][] = $question; } print_r($data); 
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