What is the difference between keyword: is and == in python

Question

the python keyword is is supposed to be used in place of the == operator according to python style guides.

However they don't always do exactly the same thing as shown here. Why? What is the actual difference, and what is the proper usage?

import unittest

class testIS(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_is(self):
        self.assertEqual(1,1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Which works... but the following does not...

import unittest

class testIS(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_is(self):
        self.assertEqual(1,1)

if __name__ is '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Answer 1

== tests for equality. Two non-identical objects can be equal.

is tests for identity, i.e. whether both refer to the same one object.