Ruby inject with index and brackets

Question

I try to clean my Code. The first Version uses each_with_index. In the second version I tried to compact the code with the Enumerable.inject_with_index-construct, that I found here.

It works now, but seems to me as obscure as the first code. Add even worse I don't understand the brackets around element,index in

.. .inject(groups) do |group_container, (element,index)| 

but they are necessary

• What is the use of these brackets?
• How can I make the code clear and readable?

FIRST VERSION -- WITH "each_with_index"

class Array    # splits as good as possible to groups of same size   # elements are sorted. I.e. low elements go to the first group,   # and high elements to the last group   #    # the default for number_of_groups is 4    # because the intended use case is   # splitting statistic data in 4 quartiles   #    # a = [1, 8, 7, 5, 4, 2, 3, 8]   # a.sorted_in_groups(3) # => [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 7], [8, 8]]   #    # b = [[7, 8, 9], [4, 5, 7], [2, 8]]    # b.sorted_in_groups(2) {|sub_ary| sub_ary.sum } # => [ [[2, 8], [4, 5, 7]], [[7, 8, 9]] ]   def sorted_in_groups(number_of_groups = 4)     groups = Array.new(number_of_groups) { Array.new }     return groups if size == 0      average_group_size = size.to_f / number_of_groups.to_f     sorted = block_given? ? self.sort_by {|element| yield(element)} : self.sort      sorted.each_with_index do |element, index|       group_number = (index.to_f / average_group_size).floor        groups[group_number] << element     end      groups   end end 

SECOND VERSION -- WITH "inject" AND index

class Array   def sorted_in_groups(number_of_groups = 4)     groups = Array.new(number_of_groups) { Array.new }     return groups if size == 0      average_group_size = size.to_f / number_of_groups.to_f     sorted = block_given? ? self.sort_by {|element| yield(element)} : self.sort      sorted.each_with_index.inject(groups) do |group_container, (element,index)|       group_number = (index.to_f / average_group_size).floor       group_container[group_number] << element       group_container     end   end end 

Answer 1

What is the use of these brackets?

It's a very nice feature of ruby. I call it "destructuring array assignment", but it probably has an official name too.

Here's how it works. Let's say you have an array

arr = [1, 2, 3] 

Then you assign this array to a list of names, like this:

a, b, c = arr a # => 1 b # => 2 c # => 3 

You see, the array was "destructured" into its individual elements. Now, to the each_with_index. As you know, it's like a regular each, but also returns an index. inject doesn't care about all this, it takes input elements and passes them to its block as is. If input element is an array (elem/index pair from each_with_index), then we can either take it apart in the block body

sorted.each_with_index.inject(groups) do |group_container, pair|   element, index = pair    # or   # element = pair[0]   # index = pair[1]    # rest of your code end 

Or destructure that array right in the block signature. Parentheses there are necessary to give ruby a hint that this is a single parameter that needs to be split in several.

Hope this helps.

Answer 2

lines = %w(a b c) indexes = lines.each_with_index.inject([]) do |acc, (el, ind)|   acc << ind - 1 if el == "b"   acc end  indexes # => [0]