Python dataframe assignment

Question

I have quite a difficult issue to explain, I'll try my best. I have a function a() that calls function b() and passes to b() a dataframe (called "df_a"). I learned that this is done by reference, meaning that when/if in inside function b() I add a new column to the input dataframe, this will also modify the original one. For example:

def b(df_b):
   df_b['Country'] = "not sure"

def a():
   df_a = pd.DataFrame({"Name":['Mark','Annie'],  'Age':[30,28]})
   b(df_a)
   print(df_a) # this dataframe will now have the column "Country"

So far so good. The problem is that today I realized that if inside b() we merge the dataframe with another dataframe, this create a new local dataframe.

def b(df_b):
       df_c = pd.DataFrame({"Name":['Mark','Annie'],  'Country':['Brazil','Japan']})
       df_b = pd.merge(df_b, df_c, left_on = 'Name', right_on='Name', how='left')
def a():
       df_a = pd.DataFrame({"Name":['Mark','Annie'],  'Age':[30,28]})
       b(df_a)
       print(df_a) # this dataframe will *not* have the column "Country"

So my question is, how to I make sure in this second example the column "Country" is also assigned to the original df_a dataframe, without returning it back? (I would prefer not to use "return df_b" inside function b() since I would have to change the logic in many many parts of the code. Thank you

Answer 1

I have modified the function b() and a() so the changes made in b are returned back to a

def b(df_b):
    df_c = pd.DataFrame({"Name":['Mark','Annie'],  'Country':['Brazil','Japan']})
    df_b = pd.merge(df_b, df_c, left_on = 'Name', right_on='Name', how='left')
    return df_b
def a():
    df_a = pd.DataFrame({"Name":['Mark','Annie'],  'Age':[30,28]})
    df_a = b(df_a)
    print(df_a) 

**Output:** a()

    Name  Age Country
0   Mark   30  Brazil
1  Annie   28   Japan